Background on Zero Tolerance and Suspension Statistics

A History and Critique of the Effectiveness of Zero-Tolerance Discipline
Research Article/Paper
Skiba, Russell J., "Zero Tolerance, Zero Evidence: An Analysis of School Disciplinary Practices," Indiana Education Policy Center (2000).
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Disproportionate Disciplinary Referral of Minority Students in Indiana
Research Article/Paper
Skiba, Russell et al, The Color of Discipline: Sources of Racial and Gender Disproportionality in School Punishment, Indiana Education Policy Center (2000).
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Rationales Behind Zero Tolerance Discipline and the Reality of Negative Consequences
Research Article/Paper
Casella, Ronnie, "Zero Tolerance Policy in Schools: Rationale, Consequences, Alternatives," Teachers College Record, Vol. 105, No. 5, p872-92 (2003).
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Overview of Zero Tolerance Policies and Alternative Solutions
Research Article/Paper
Black, Susan, "Beyond Zero Tolerance," American School Board Journal, Vol. 191, No. 09 (2004).
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Varying Interpretations of Zero Tolerance in Urban, Suburban and Rural Schools
Research Article/Paper
Dunbar, C. and F. Villarruel, "What a Difference the Community Makes: Zero Tolerance Policy Interpretation and Implementation," Equity & Excellence in Education, Vol. 37, 351-359 (2004).
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